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Colombia, or formally, the Republic of Colombia, is the northwesternmost country of South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru, to the North by the Atlantic Ocean and to the west by Panama and the Pacific Ocean. Colombia is a large and physically diverse nation. It is the fourth-largest country in South America (after Brazil, Argentina, and Peru), with an area seven times greater than that of New England and almost twice that of France. Its vast territory is one of great physical contrasts, ranging from the towering, snowcapped peaks of the Andes to the hot, humid plains of the Amazon River Basin. Not only is Colombia large in area, but it also has a large population, containing more people than any other South American country except Brazil. The nation's population is not evenly distributed. Most of the people live in the mountainous western third of the country, where Bogotá, the capital, and most of Colombia's other large cities are located. Because this western region has a pleasant climate and rich soil, it is also where most agricultural activity takes place.
Colombia has more physical diversity packed into its borders than any other area of comparable size in Latin America. The country is part of the Pacific "Ring of Fire", a region of the world characterized by frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
The current flag of Colombia is yellow, blue and red. The flag's original pattern was first created by Francisco de Miranda for Venezuela, later adopted for Gran Colombia after Simon Bolivar and others helped its constituent nations attain independence. The yellow represents the richness of the Colombian gold. The blue shows the two oceans which border North and West Colombia. The red represents the blood of soldiers of the people who fought and victoriously won the independence and also represents the blood of Jesus Christ showing Colombia's Christian roots.
